External risk intelligence

Microsoft Windows Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2010-4398

A vulnerability in Microsoft Windows kernel components allows local users to gain elevated privileges and bypass security features. This impacts affected Windows operating systems by enabling unauthorized privilege escalation, posing a business risk to organizations. The attack requires local system access and involves

1Halo Surface Signal

Out-of-bounds Write

Microsoft Windows 7

r2

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2010-4398

The vulnerability exists in the Windows kernel and requires a local user to execute code on the system to exploit it. It is not reachable via the public internet or remote network vectors.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Certain Microsoft Windows operating systems contain a weakness in the win32k.sys component. This flaw allows for improper interaction with the Windows kernel, potentially leading to elevated privileges and bypassing security features. The impact of this vulnerability can affect organizations by allowing unauthorized privilege escalation on affected systems.

  • Vulnerable Windows kernel component.
  • Flaw allows privilege escalation.
  • Can bypass User Account Control.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability allows local users to elevate their privileges and bypass User Account Control (UAC) on affected Windows systems. An attacker with existing local access can exploit this by manipulating registry settings. Successful exploitation grants the attacker elevated permissions, potentially allowing them to perform administrative actions or install malicious software.

  • Requires local access.
  • Attacker crafts registry value.
  • Gains elevated privileges.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability in the Windows kernel allows local users to elevate their privileges and bypass security features. Attackers with existing access to a system could exploit this to gain greater control. The potential for unauthorized privilege escalation and UAC bypass presents a significant risk to affected organizations, potentially leading to further compromise of sensitive data or systems. Organizations should prioritize addressing this vulnerability.

  • Likely attacker skill level: Low
  • Required access or conditions: Local system access
  • Business risk or urgency: High

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

An organization's response to this vulnerability should focus on identifying and mitigating the risk to internal systems. This vulnerability allows local users to escalate privileges, potentially bypassing security controls like User Account Control. Addressing this requires a structured approach to pinpoint affected assets, reduce potential exposure, implement the vendor-provided solution, and verify its successful application. Continuous monitoring is also essential to detect any related malicious activity.

  • Find affected assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the role of win32k.sys in Microsoft Windows?

Win32k.sys is a critical kernel-mode component in Microsoft Windows responsible for managing the graphical user interface and windowing system. It handles essential functions for drawing elements like windows and menus, and plays a part in process and thread management. Exploits targeting this file can have significant security implications.

How does CVE-2010-4398 function as a vulnerability?

CVE-2010-4398 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability within the RtlQueryRegistryValues function of the win32k.sys driver. This weakness is triggered when a specially crafted REG_BINARY value is provided for a SystemDefaultEUDCFont registry key, allowing a local attacker to escalate privileges and bypass User Account Control (UAC).

What are the necessary conditions for exploiting this vulnerability?

Exploitation of this vulnerability requires local system access. An attacker must be able to provide a specially crafted registry value to trigger the buffer overflow within the win32k.sys driver. The scope is limited to systems where the attacker already has a foothold, as it cannot be exploited remotely.

What is the significance of CVE-2010-4398 for system security?

The significance of CVE-2010-4398 lies in its ability to allow local privilege escalation and bypass User Account Control (UAC) on affected Microsoft Windows systems. This means an attacker with initial, limited access could gain administrative control, potentially leading to further compromise of sensitive data or system operations. The SANS Internet Storm Center noted this as a zero-day flaw bypassing UAC in 2010.

What steps should be taken to respond to this vulnerability?

To respond, organizations should identify all affected Microsoft Windows systems, apply vendor-provided security updates or patches, and verify successful implementation. Continuous monitoring for suspicious activity related to privilege escalation or UAC bypass is also crucial. Isolating or reducing exposure on unpatched systems can mitigate immediate risk.

References