External risk intelligence

PHP CGI Code Execution Vulnerability.

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2012-1823

The vulnerability exists in the PHP CGI module. When configured as a CGI script, this component is designed to process web requests directly from the internet. Because it handles incoming query strings to facilitate web server interaction, this interface is typically exposed as a public-facing endpoint for web applications.

Halo Surface Signal: 5 out of 5 — more likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

The PHP CGI script contains a flaw in how it handles web addresses with specific characters. This weakness could allow an unauthorized entity to run their own commands on affected systems. The primary business impact is the potential for attackers to gain control of systems, leading to data theft, disruption of services, or the introduction of malicious software.

  • Vulnerable: PHP CGI script
  • Weakness: Improper query string handling
  • Impact: Arbitrary code execution

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability affects organizations that utilize PHP configured as a CGI script. Attackers can exploit a weakness in how query strings are handled to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. This could lead to unauthorized access, data compromise, or disruption of services.

  • Exposure condition: PHP configured as CGI.
  • Attacker starting point: Remote.
  • Trigger and result: Malformed query string leads to code execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. It impacts organizations using PHP configured as a CGI script without specific security updates. The exploitation allows for significant impact on affected systems and data, posing a considerable business risk.

  • Attackers require low skill.
  • Exploitation is possible remotely.
  • Business risk is high.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code when PHP is configured as a CGI script. The issue stems from improper handling of query strings that lack an equals sign. This could impact organizations by allowing attackers to compromise systems and execute malicious commands.

  • Find affected PHP installations.
  • Isolate exposed PHP-CGI services.
  • Apply vendor updates and verify.
  • Monitor for related activity.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is the PHP CGI script and its purpose?

The PHP CGI script (php-cgi) is a component that allows web servers to execute PHP code, enabling dynamic content on websites. It processes PHP scripts to deliver features like user logins and database interactions.

How does CVE-2012-1823 enable arbitrary code execution?

CVE-2012-1823 is a command injection vulnerability. It occurs because the PHP CGI script mishandles query strings lacking an equals sign, allowing attackers to inject command-line options and execute arbitrary code on the server.

What is the trigger for CVE-2012-1823 and what is its scope?

The vulnerability is triggered by a query string that lacks an '=' character. Attackers can place command-line options within this query string to achieve code execution on the server.

What is the relevance of CVE-2012-1823 to modern systems?

While an older vulnerability, CVE-2012-1823 highlights a persistent issue in how PHP's CGI mode handles certain query strings. It remains relevant as it has been linked to newer exploits, such as CVE-2024-4577, demonstrating that similar flaws can be re-exploited. The Halo Surface Signal indicates this CVE is very likely to be exploited because the CGI module is typically a public-facing endpoint for web applications. [cite: Context]

What are the recommended steps to address PHP CGI vulnerabilities?

To mitigate these vulnerabilities, it is recommended to upgrade PHP to the latest patched versions, such as 5.3.12, 5.4.2, or later. Additionally, migrating from CGI to more secure alternatives like FastCGI or PHP-FPM, implementing robust input validation, and deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) are crucial protective measures. Organizations should also review server logs for suspicious activity and ensure that sensitive files are not directly accessible via the web.

References