External risk intelligence

Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-22555

A Linux kernel vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges or cause denial of service by corrupting memory. Affected systems include various Linux kernel versions and Netapp products. This presents a risk of unauthorized system access and operational disruption.

1Halo Surface Signal

Out-of-bounds Write

Netapp C400 Firmware

2.6.19 to before 4.4.2674.5 to before 4.9.2674.10 to before 4.14.2314.15 to before 4.19.1884.20 to before 5.4.1135.5 to before 5.10.315.11 to before 5.12

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-22555

This vulnerability is a local privilege escalation in the Linux kernel's Netfilter component. It requires a local user context to execute, as it is not reachable over a network, and it is not an internet-facing service or application.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists within the Linux kernel's Netfilter subsystem, specifically in the x_tables.c file. This flaw allows an attacker with local access to escalate privileges or cause a denial of service by corrupting heap memory. The vulnerability can be triggered through user namespaces, potentially impacting containerized environments.

  • Linux kernel's Netfilter component
  • Out-of-bounds memory write
  • Privilege escalation or denial of service

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Netfilter component allows for a heap out-of-bounds write. An attacker with user namespace privileges can exploit this to corrupt heap memory. This corruption can lead to the attacker gaining elevated privileges on the affected system or causing a denial of service.

  • Local attacker with user namespace access.
  • Triggering heap memory corruption.
  • Gaining privileges or causing denial of service.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel's Netfilter component that allows for privilege escalation or denial of service. This issue is exploitable by an attacker with local access to a system. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access and control over affected systems, potentially disrupting business operations.

  • Likely attacker skill level: Moderate
  • Required access or conditions: Local system access
  • Business risk or urgency: High

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability involves a heap out-of-bounds write within the Linux kernel's Netfilter component, potentially allowing local attackers to elevate privileges or cause denial of service through heap memory corruption. Organisations should identify systems running affected Linux kernel versions and Netapp products. Next, implement measures to reduce exposure or isolate potentially impacted systems. Finally, apply vendor-provided fixes, validate their successful implementation, and maintain continuous monitoring for related security incidents.

  • Find affected assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the nature of the CVE-2021-22555 vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Netfilter component?

CVE-2021-22555 is a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability discovered in the `net/netfilter/x_tables.c` file of the Linux kernel, affecting versions since `2.6.19-rc1`. This weakness allows an attacker with local access and user namespace privileges to corrupt heap memory. This corruption can lead to privilege escalation or a denial-of-service condition on the affected system.

How can CVE-2021-22555 be exploited, and what is the primary weakness it exploits?

The primary weakness exploited by CVE-2021-22555 is a heap out-of-bounds write (CWE-787). An attacker can trigger this by manipulating the `x_tables.c` component within Linux's Netfilter subsystem. Successful exploitation requires local system access and the ability to leverage user namespaces, enabling the attacker to corrupt heap memory, leading to privilege escalation or DoS.

What is the scope of impact for CVE-2021-22555, considering its trigger path and potential negations?

The vulnerability CVE-2021-22555 is triggered through local access on a system running affected Linux kernel versions. The scope is limited to systems where an attacker can gain local user privileges and utilize user namespaces. It does not appear to be directly exploitable over a network, as the attack vector is local, and no specific scope negation conditions are detailed beyond the requirement of local access and user namespace capabilities.

What is the relevance of CVE-2021-22555 to threat advisories and its potential impact?

CVE-2021-22555 is relevant due to its classification as a high-severity vulnerability, allowing for privilege escalation or denial of service. Threat advisories highlight that this vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker with moderate skill level requiring only local system access. The potential for unauthorized access and control of affected systems presents a significant business risk and urgency for remediation, as noted in threat intelligence.

What practical steps should organizations take to address CVE-2021-22555?

To address CVE-2021-22555, organizations should first identify all assets running affected Linux kernel versions and Netapp products. Subsequently, implement measures to reduce the attack surface or isolate potentially compromised systems. The final and critical step involves applying vendor-provided patches or fixes, verifying their successful implementation, and establishing continuous monitoring to detect any related security incidents.

References