External risk intelligence

Adobe Acrobat Reader Code Execution Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-28550

A vulnerability in Adobe Acrobat and Reader allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code by tricking a user into opening a malicious file. This impacts user systems and potentially leads to unauthorized access and control within the user's permissions. Organizations face business risk through potential

1Halo Surface Signal

Use After Free

Adobe Acrobat Dc

15.008.20082 to 21.001.2015017.011.30059 to 17.011.3019420.001.30005 to 20.001.3002015.008.20082 to 21.001.20149

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-28550

This vulnerability affects a desktop client application (Adobe Acrobat/Reader) and requires user interaction to open a malicious file. It is not a network service, web application, or edge gateway, and lacks persistent, reachable exposure to the public internet in common deployments.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Adobe Acrobat and Reader are affected by a vulnerability that could allow for arbitrary code execution. This flaw exists within the software's handling of memory after data has been freed. If an attacker can trick a user into opening a specially crafted file, they could potentially gain control of the user's system within the context of their permissions.

  • Adobe Acrobat and Reader
  • Memory handling flaw
  • Arbitrary code execution on user systems

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a user's system by tricking them into opening a malicious file. The attack exploits a flaw in how the application handles memory after certain operations. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the same permissions as the currently logged-in user, potentially leading to unauthorized access and control of the affected system.

  • Exposure condition: Network
  • Attacker starting point: Unauthenticated
  • Trigger and result: Open malicious file, code execution

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability presents a significant risk due to the potential for attackers to execute malicious code on a user's system. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to take control of the user's privileges and access sensitive data. Organizations should prioritize addressing this vulnerability, as it can lead to widespread compromise and significant business disruption.

  • Attackers with moderate skill.
  • User interaction required to open malicious files.
  • High business risk and urgency.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in Adobe Acrobat and Reader could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a user's system by tricking them into opening a malicious file. The attack requires user interaction and does not grant the attacker elevated privileges beyond the user's current context. Organizations should prioritize addressing this risk to protect their systems and data.

  • Identify Adobe Acrobat and Reader installations.
  • Restrict access to malicious files.
  • Apply vendor updates and confirm.
  • Monitor for related incidents.

Frequently asked questions

What is Adobe Acrobat Reader DC?

Adobe Acrobat Reader DC is a software application for viewing, printing, signing, and annotating PDF documents, commonly used for interacting with digital files across different platforms.

What type of weakness does CVE-2021-28550 represent?

CVE-2021-28550 is a 'Use After Free' vulnerability. This occurs when software attempts to use memory that has already been deallocated, potentially leading to unpredictable behavior or allowing an attacker to execute code.

How can an attacker exploit CVE-2021-28550?

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into opening a malicious file. This action could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code within the permissions of the current user.

What is the relevance of CVE-2021-28550 according to Halo Surface Signal?

Halo classifies this CVE as 'external' because its attack vector is the network. However, Halo also considers it 'Very unlikely' to be exploited as it affects a desktop client application requiring user interaction and is not a network service.

What practical steps should be taken to address this vulnerability?

To address this vulnerability, organizations should identify Adobe Acrobat and Reader installations, restrict access to potentially malicious files, apply vendor updates promptly, and monitor for related security incidents.

References