External risk intelligence

Apple WebKit Vulnerability Allows Code Execution

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-30858

A flaw in memory management affects web content processing, potentially allowing code execution via crafted web material. This poses a business risk to affected organizations by enabling unauthorized access or data manipulation.

4Halo Surface Signal

Use After Free

Apple Ipados

13.1 to before 14.8before 12.5.513.0 to before 14.8before 11.6333410.011.0

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-30858

The vulnerability affects web browsing components (WebKit) used in operating systems and applications. Because browsing the internet is a primary, public-facing function for these products, the vulnerable surface is commonly exposed to the public internet through the processing of web content.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A flaw in memory management within web content processing components can be exploited through specially crafted web material. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to unauthorized system access or data manipulation. Organizations relying on affected systems face risks to their operational integrity and sensitive information.

  • Web content processing components
  • Use-after-free memory error
  • Arbitrary code execution

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

The attack path for this vulnerability begins with an organization's systems being exposed to the public internet through web content processing. An attacker can then gain access by sending specially crafted web content to a target system. This content, when processed, can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to gain control.

  • Exposure condition: Publicly accessible web content.
  • Attacker starting point: Remote.
  • Trigger and result: Process malicious web content, execute code.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability allows for code execution when an organization's systems process specially crafted web content. Attackers with a high skill level could leverage this to compromise systems remotely, potentially leading to significant data loss or operational disruption. Given that this vulnerability has reportedly been actively exploited, organizations should treat it with urgency and apply available updates.

  • High attacker skill level.
  • No authentication or access needed.
  • Significant business risk or urgency.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code by having an organization's systems process specially crafted web content. Apple has stated that this issue may have been actively exploited. Immediate action is recommended to identify and protect affected assets.

  • Find affected systems and data.
  • Reduce exposure to malicious web content.
  • Apply vendor updates and verify.
  • Monitor for related activity.

Frequently asked questions

What is the nature of the vulnerability in Apple's WebKit and how does it affect users?

This vulnerability is a use-after-free issue within Apple's WebKit, which is used for processing web content. It can lead to arbitrary code execution when a system processes maliciously crafted web content. This means an attacker could potentially run their own code on a victim's device by tricking them into visiting a malicious website.

What weakness class does CVE-2021-30858 represent, and how does it enable exploitation?

The primary weakness class for CVE-2021-30858 is CWE-416, which signifies a 'Use-After-Free' vulnerability. This occurs when a program attempts to access memory after it has been freed, leading to unpredictable behavior, including potential crashes or, as in this case, arbitrary code execution.

How can an attacker trigger this vulnerability, and what is the scope of impact?

An attacker can trigger this vulnerability by presenting a user with maliciously crafted web content. The scope is generally limited to the user's session, but successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially allowing the attacker to access, modify, or delete data within the context of the affected application or operating system.

Why is CVE-2021-30858 considered relevant, especially given its presence in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

CVE-2021-30858 is highly relevant because it affects widely used Apple products like iOS, iPadOS, and macOS. Its inclusion in the CISA KEV catalog indicates that it has been actively exploited in the wild, posing a significant and current threat to organizations. Apple is aware of reports that this issue may have been actively exploited.

What practical steps should organizations take to respond to this vulnerability?

Organizations should prioritize applying the relevant vendor updates for iOS 14.8, iPadOS 14.8, and macOS Big Sur 11.6 to mitigate this vulnerability. Additionally, reducing exposure to malicious web content and continuously monitoring for related activity are crucial protective measures.

References