External risk intelligence

Apple Operating Systems Sandbox Bypass Vulnerability.

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-31010

A deserialization issue in Apple operating systems could allow a sandboxed process to bypass security restrictions, potentially impacting data integrity. This has been addressed through security updates.

1Halo Surface Signal

Deserialization

Apple Ipados

before 14.812.0 to before 12.5.514.0 to before 14.810.15 to before 10.15.710.15.711.0 to before 11.6before 7.6.2

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-31010

The vulnerability affects local OS components and sandbox protections within Apple operating systems (macOS, iOS, watchOS). Sandbox bypasses are inherently local-first issues, requiring a process to be already running on the device. They do not represent public-facing network services or internet-reachable endpoints.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A deserialization flaw in certain Apple operating systems allowed a process to bypass security restrictions. This could enable unauthorized access to system functionalities. This vulnerability has been addressed through security updates.

  • Affected Apple operating systems
  • Process bypasses security restrictions
  • Unauthorized access to system functions

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

A deserialization vulnerability allowed a sandboxed process to bypass security restrictions. This could occur when an application processed untrusted data, leading to unintended actions. The issue was addressed through improvements in data validation.

  • Exposure condition: Vulnerable application processing data.
  • Attacker starting point: A process already running.
  • Trigger and result: Improper validation leading to sandbox escape.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A deserialization vulnerability in Apple software could allow a compromised process to bypass security restrictions. This could impact systems by enabling unauthorized access to data or functions that should be isolated. Apple has released security updates to address this issue.

  • Attackers with low skill.
  • Conditions for exploitation are unclear.
  • Business risk remains uncertain.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

The identified vulnerability in Apple operating systems allows a sandboxed process to potentially bypass security restrictions. This could enable unauthorized access to resources or data within the system. Apple has released security updates to address this issue.

  • Identify affected Apple devices and operating systems.
  • Reduce exposure by limiting processes that could be exploited.
  • Apply vendor security updates and validate the fix.
  • Monitor systems for related suspicious activity.

Frequently asked questions

What operating systems are affected by CVE-2021-31010?

CVE-2021-31010 affects Apple's iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS. Specific versions include iOS 12.x prior to 12.5.5 and iOS 14.x prior to 14.8, iPadOS prior to 14.8, macOS Big Sur prior to 11.6, macOS Catalina without Security Update 2021-005, and watchOS prior to 7.6.2.

How does CVE-2021-31010 enable a sandbox bypass?

The vulnerability, classified as CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data), arises from improper validation when processing serialized data. This allows a sandboxed process to send crafted data that circumvents security restrictions, potentially leading to unauthorized access.

What is the trigger path for CVE-2021-31010?

Exploitation requires an attacker to first execute low-privileged code within a sandboxed process. This compromised process then sends malformed serialized objects to a privileged endpoint, enabling it to escape the sandbox and access resources outside its normal restrictions.

What is the relevance of CVE-2021-31010 to Halo Surface Signal?

Halo Security classifies CVE-2021-31010 as 'Very unlikely' to be relevant to their external attack surface due to its nature as a local OS component and sandbox protection issue, not an internet-reachable endpoint vulnerability.

How can users respond to CVE-2021-31010?

Users should update affected Apple devices to the latest security versions. This includes updating iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS to the patched versions provided by Apple to mitigate the risk of sandbox circumvention.

References