External risk intelligence

Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-31955

A Windows Kernel vulnerability permits attackers with local access to read kernel memory, potentially exposing sensitive data. This impacts organizations by risking confidential information and aiding further system compromise. The realistic business risk involves unauthorized access to system details.

1Halo Surface Signal

Information Disclosure

Microsoft Windows 10 1809

before 10.0.17763.1999before 10.0.18363.1621before 10.0.19041.1052before 10.0.19042.1052before 10.0.19043.1052

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-31955

This is a local Windows kernel vulnerability. Exploitation requires the attacker to already have access to the local system to execute code in a user-mode process. There is no remote network vector or internet-facing surface associated with this vulnerability.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Microsoft Windows Kernel contains a vulnerability that allows for information disclosure. This flaw enables attackers to read sensitive kernel memory data from a user-mode process. This could lead to exposure of confidential information or system details.

  • Vulnerable: Windows Kernel
  • Flaw: Unspecified information disclosure
  • Impact: Exposure of confidential data

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability allows an attacker with local access to a Windows system to read sensitive information from kernel memory. Successful exploitation could lead to the disclosure of potentially confidential data, impacting the confidentiality of the affected organization. This information could then be used to further target the organization's systems.

  • Local access required for exploitation.
  • Attacker reads kernel memory.
  • Information disclosure occurs.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability allows an attacker to access sensitive kernel memory from a user-mode process, potentially exposing system information. This type of attack requires an attacker to have already gained access to the targeted system to execute code. The disclosed information could assist an attacker in further compromising the system.

  • Likely attacker skill: Low
  • Required access: Local system access
  • Business risk: Medium

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability allows attackers with local access to read sensitive kernel memory from a user-mode process. This could potentially expose critical system information to unauthorized parties. Organizations should prioritize actions to identify, contain, and remediate affected systems.

  • Find affected systems.
  • Isolate or reduce exposure.
  • Apply vendor fix and validate.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Windows Kernel and its function within the operating system?

The Windows Kernel is the central component of the Microsoft Windows operating system. It acts as an intermediary between hardware and software, managing critical system resources like CPU, memory, and devices. Its role is to ensure applications can run smoothly and access hardware safely, enabling multitasking.

What type of weakness is CVE-2021-31955 in the Windows Kernel?

CVE-2021-31955 is an information disclosure vulnerability within the Windows Kernel. This weakness allows a process running in user mode to read data from kernel memory, which is normally protected and inaccessible. This could potentially expose sensitive system information.

How might an attacker exploit CVE-2021-31955, and what is the scope of impact?

Exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to already have local access to the targeted system and be able to execute code in a user-mode process. The scope is limited to the local machine, as there is no remote network vector. The attacker can read kernel memory, but the impact is an information disclosure rather than direct system compromise.

Why is CVE-2021-31955 considered to have a low exploitation likelihood based on Halo Surface Signal?

Halo classifies this CVE as having a very unlikely exploitation score because it is a local Windows kernel vulnerability. Exploitation demands that an attacker already has access to the local system to run code in a user-mode process. There isn't a remote network attack vector or an internet-facing surface tied to this flaw.

What are the recommended practical steps for responding to this vulnerability?

Organizations should focus on identifying all systems affected by this vulnerability. It is recommended to isolate or minimize the exposure of these systems. The primary remediation step is to apply the vendor-provided fixes and then validate that the patching has been successful.

References