External risk intelligence

Apache HTTP Server Proxy Request Forgery Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-40438

Attackers can exploit a vulnerability in the Apache HTTP Server's proxy functionality. This could allow them to redirect requests to unintended servers, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems. The business risk involves compromised data integrity and unauthorized system access.

5Halo Surface Signal

Server-Side Request Forgery

Resf Rocky Linux

8.08.18.28.48.68.87.0_s390x7.07.27.37.47.67.7

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-40438

This vulnerability affects the Apache HTTP Server's mod_proxy module. As a primary web server and proxy component, it is designed to be public-facing to handle incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic. Its role as a gateway or edge service makes it a standard, internet-exposed component by design in nearly all web-server deployments.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

The Apache HTTP Server, specifically the mod_proxy component, is affected by a flaw that allows a remote user to control the destination server for forwarded requests. This can lead to unauthorized access or redirection of network traffic. The potential impact includes disruption of services, data exposure, and unauthorized system access.

  • Vulnerable: Apache HTTP Server mod_proxy
  • Flaw: Uncontrolled request forwarding
  • Impact: Unauthorized access, data exposure

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

The Apache HTTP Server is susceptible to an attack where a specially crafted request can cause the `mod_proxy` module to direct traffic to an attacker-chosen origin server. This could allow an attacker to bypass security controls and access internal resources. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or systems.

  • Publicly accessible Apache server.
  • Attacker sends a malicious request.
  • Proxy forwards request to unintended server.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability presents a critical risk due to its potential for exploitation by attackers with moderate skill. The issue allows attackers to manipulate requests, potentially directing them to unintended servers. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive internal systems or data exposure.

  • Attackers need moderate skill.
  • No special access is required.
  • Business risk is urgent.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

An organization should take immediate action regarding a critical vulnerability in the Apache HTTP Server. This vulnerability allows remote users to forward requests to an origin server of their choosing, posing a significant risk to business operations and data. The Apache HTTP Server is a widely used component, making its exposure a common concern.

  • Identify exposed Apache HTTP Server instances.
  • Restrict proxy functionality where possible.
  • Apply vendor fixes and validate.
  • Monitor for related activity.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Apache HTTP Server?

The Apache HTTP Server is a widely used, free, and open-source web server software. It handles requests from web browsers and delivers website content like HTML pages, images, and text. It's a foundational part of the internet infrastructure and a key component in web development stacks like LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP).

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2021-40438?

CVE-2021-40438 is classified as a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability. This means an attacker can trick the server into making unintended requests to other servers or services, potentially accessing internal resources that are not normally exposed.

How can an attacker exploit CVE-2021-40438?

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request with a manipulated URI-path to a vulnerable Apache HTTP Server that has the mod_proxy module enabled. This manipulation causes the server to forward the request to an arbitrary origin server chosen by the attacker, rather than the intended one.

Who should be concerned about CVE-2021-40438?

Organizations using Apache HTTP Server, especially those with internet-facing servers running version 2.4.48 or earlier where the mod_proxy module is enabled, should be concerned. This vulnerability's nature means it can affect systems that are designed to be publicly accessible.

What are the first steps to address CVE-2021-40438?

The primary step is to upgrade the Apache HTTP Server to version 2.4.49 or a later version. If upgrading is not immediately possible, consider disabling the mod_proxy module if it is not essential for your operations.

References