External risk intelligence

Microsoft Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-40450

A vulnerability in Windows Win32k allows for privilege escalation, potentially impacting system control and data integrity for affected organizations. This requires an attacker to have prior local access to a system.

1Halo Surface Signal

Microsoft Windows 10 1809

before 10.0.17763.2237before 10.0.18363.1854before 10.0.19041.1288before 10.0.19042.1288before 10.0.19043.1288before 10.0.22000.258before 10.0.20348.288

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-40450

This is a local privilege escalation vulnerability affecting the Win32k subsystem in Windows. It requires the attacker to already have local access to the system and is not reachable via remote network protocols, making public internet exposure of the vulnerability itself impossible.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A vulnerability in the Win32k component of Windows operating systems could allow an attacker to gain elevated privileges. This could lead to unauthorized access and control over affected systems. The core issue stems from a weakness within the Win32k subsystem.

  • Vulnerable Windows component: Win32k
  • Flaw allows: Privilege escalation
  • Impact: Unauthorized system control

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

The Win32k vulnerability allows an attacker to escalate privileges on a system. This attack requires the attacker to already have local access to the affected machine. Once local access is achieved, a specially crafted application can trigger the vulnerability, leading to unauthorized control.

  • Local access is required.
  • Attacker runs a malicious application.
  • Attacker gains elevated system control.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability in the Windows Win32k subsystem could allow an attacker to gain elevated privileges on an affected system. The attack requires the attacker to have already gained some level of access to the targeted system, as it is not remotely exploitable. The potential for an attacker to escalate their privileges raises significant concerns for organizational security and data integrity. Given its presence in the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, organizations should prioritize addressing this issue.

  • Attacker needs local access.
  • High privilege escalation risk.
  • Urgency is elevated.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability allows an attacker with local access to escalate their privileges within a Windows system. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access and modification of sensitive data, impacting system integrity and business operations. Addressing this requires a structured approach to identify and mitigate risks effectively.

  • Find affected systems.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Windows?

The Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40450) is a security flaw within the Win32k subsystem of Windows operating systems. This weakness allows an attacker who already has local access to a system to gain elevated privileges, essentially giving them more control over the affected machine. It is classified as a HIGH severity vulnerability with a base score of 7.8.

How is the Win32k vulnerability exploited?

Exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to first gain local access to the targeted Windows system. Once local access is established, the attacker can run a specially crafted application that triggers the flaw in the Win32k subsystem. This action can lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, granting the attacker elevated system control.

What is the relevance of CVE-2021-40450 for cybersecurity?

CVE-2021-40450 is relevant due to its inclusion in the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating active exploitation. While it requires local access, the high privilege escalation risk it presents is a significant concern for organizational security and data integrity, demanding prompt attention from system administrators.

What is Halo's assessment of the public internet exposure for CVE-2021-40450?

Halo assesses the public internet exposure for this vulnerability as 'Very unlikely.' This is because it is a local privilege escalation flaw within the Win32k subsystem. It necessitates pre-existing local access and is not reachable through remote network protocols, making direct public internet exposure impossible.

What practical steps should be taken to address the Win32k vulnerability?

To address this vulnerability, organizations should identify all affected Windows systems. It is crucial to reduce exposure or isolate any identified risks. The primary fix involves applying vendor-provided updates, followed by verification and continuous monitoring to ensure systems remain secure.

References