External risk intelligence

Microsoft Active Directory Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2021-42278

A vulnerability in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services allows for privilege escalation, potentially impacting organizational systems and data. The risk involves unauthorized control over critical IT infrastructure. Updates are available from the vendor.

1Halo Surface Signal

Microsoft Windows Server 2004

before 10.0.19041.1348r2before 10.0.14393.4770before 10.0.17763.2300before 10.0.20348.350before 10.0.19042.1348

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2021-42278

This vulnerability affects Active Directory Domain Services. By design, Active Directory is an internal infrastructure service intended to be isolated within an organization's private network. It is not designed to be, nor should it be, exposed directly to the public internet.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This vulnerability impacts Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services, a core component for managing network resources. The flaw allows unauthorized elevation of privileges, which could lead to significant compromise of systems and data. The potential business risk involves the loss of control over critical IT infrastructure.

  • Active Directory Domain Services
  • Privilege elevation flaw
  • Compromise of systems and data

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain elevated privileges within a network environment. The attack begins with an unauthenticated user being able to access certain network services. An attacker could then leverage this access to escalate their privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized control over sensitive systems and data.

  • Requires unauthenticated network access.
  • Attacker gains elevated privileges.
  • Compromises domain controllers.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability allows for an attacker to elevate privileges within a network. The attack vector is external, and the exploitability is high, indicating a significant risk to organizations that have not applied the necessary security updates. Organizations should consider this a high-priority issue to address.

  • Likely attacker skill level: Advanced
  • Required access or conditions: Network access
  • Business risk or urgency: High

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in Active Directory Domain Services could allow an attacker to escalate privileges. Organizations should identify potentially affected systems to understand their exposure. Taking steps to reduce the attack surface and isolating critical systems can mitigate risk. Applying vendor-provided fixes and verifying their successful implementation are crucial next steps, followed by ongoing monitoring for related activity.

  • Find affected servers.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services (CVE-2021-42278)?

Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services is a core component used for managing network resources and user identities within an organization. It acts as a central directory for information about network objects like users, computers, and services.

What kind of weakness does CVE-2021-42278 represent?

CVE-2021-42278 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability. This means that an attacker could exploit this flaw to gain higher-level access or permissions than they are normally authorized for within the affected system.

What are the conditions to trigger CVE-2021-42278?

An attacker needs unauthenticated network access to trigger this vulnerability. It is not triggered by actions such as requiring a user to click a link or open a file.

Who should be concerned about CVE-2021-42278?

Organizations running Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services should be concerned. While Active Directory is typically an internal service, its compromise can have widespread effects. The Halo Surface Signal indicates this is classified as an external threat, meaning it has characteristics that make it relevant for external exposure analysis.

What are the first steps to address CVE-2021-42278?

The immediate first steps are to identify potentially affected systems within your environment. Following that, consider actions to reduce the attack surface or isolate critical systems. Finally, apply any vendor-provided fixes and verify their successful implementation.

References