External risk intelligence

Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2023-0266

A vulnerability in the Linux Kernel's ALSA PCM package can allow a local attacker to escalate privileges. This could result in unauthorized system control. Organizations should apply updates to affected systems.

1Halo Surface Signal

Use After Free

Debian Linux

10.04.14 to before 4.14.3034.15 to before 4.19.2704.20 to before 5.4.2295.5 to before 5.10.1635.11 to before 5.15.885.16 to before 6.1.6

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2023-0266

This is a local privilege escalation vulnerability within the Linux kernel ALSA PCM subsystem. It requires an attacker to already have local access to the system to execute the necessary IOCTL commands, making it inaccessible from the network. It is not an internet-facing service or reachable endpoint.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

The Linux Kernel's ALSA PCM package is affected by a vulnerability. This flaw permits unauthorized elevation of privileges, potentially granting attackers system-level access. The impact could include unauthorized control over the affected systems.

  • Linux Kernel ALSA PCM
  • Use-after-free flaw
  • Privilege escalation to ring0 access

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

A use-after-free vulnerability within the Linux Kernel's ALSA PCM package presents a potential pathway for unauthorized access. This issue arises from missing locks in specific operations, allowing an attacker to exploit the flawed memory management. Successful exploitation could lead to privilege escalation, granting the attacker elevated system access.

  • Local system access required.
  • Attacker triggers specific I/O control commands.
  • Attacker gains ring0 access.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability in the Linux kernel could allow an attacker with local access to escalate privileges, potentially gaining complete control of a system. Such an exploit could lead to unauthorized access, data modification or deletion, and disruption of services. The risk to an organization is considered high due to the potential for significant business impact.

  • Attacker skill level: Moderate
  • Required access or conditions: Local system access
  • Business risk or urgency: High, treat as urgent

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in the Linux Kernel's ALSA PCM package could allow an attacker with local access to escalate privileges, potentially gaining ring0 access. The identified issue stems from missing locks in specific operations, leading to a use-after-free condition. Addressing this requires a systematic approach to identify, mitigate, and confirm the resolution of affected systems.

  • Find affected assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the role of the ALSA PCM package in the Linux Kernel?

The ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) PCM package is a fundamental part of the Linux Kernel's audio subsystem. It provides a standardized interface for applications to interact with sound hardware, managing audio input and output streams. This allows for functionalities such as playing music, recording audio, and controlling sound device parameters.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-0266 and what is its root cause?

CVE-2023-0266 is a use-after-free vulnerability, classified as CWE-416. It occurs because the ALSA PCM package in the Linux Kernel is missing necessary locks in specific I/O control operations (SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_ELEM_READ and SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_ELEM_WRITE32). This deficiency creates a race condition, allowing a use-after-free scenario where memory is accessed after it has been deallocated.

How can an attacker exploit CVE-2023-0266 and what is the scope of impact?

An attacker with local access can exploit this vulnerability by creating a race condition through rapid, concurrent I/O control commands to the ALSA device. This can lead to kernel memory corruption, enabling privilege escalation to ring0 (kernel) access. The scope is local, meaning the attacker needs existing access to the system, and it impacts the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the system.

What is the relevance of CVE-2023-0266 being on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

CVE-2023-0266's inclusion in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog signifies that it is actively being exploited in the wild. This heightened threat level mandates that organizations prioritize patching this vulnerability to prevent potential compromises and associated risks.

What are the recommended steps to mitigate CVE-2023-0266?

To mitigate CVE-2023-0266, it is crucial to update the Linux Kernel to a version past commit 56b88b50565cd8b946a2d00b0c83927b7ebb055e. Applying vendor-specific security patches from your Linux distribution is also essential. Given its presence on the CISA KEV catalog, systems should be audited for signs of prior exploitation before and after patching.

References