External risk intelligence

Firefox and Thunderbird Out-of-Bounds Read Write via Manipulated WebGL Textures.

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-11709

The vulnerability affects web browsers (Firefox) and email clients (Thunderbird). These applications are designed to process untrusted web content from the public internet, making them frequently exposed to remote, network-based exploitation during normal user activities such as web browsing.

Out-of-bounds Write

Mozilla Firefox

before 115.29.0before 144.0116.0 to before 140.4.0

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This critical vulnerability involves a security flaw in how certain web processes handle graphics information, potentially allowing unauthorized access to sensitive data and system control. The issue affects Mozilla's Firefox web browser and Thunderbird email client, necessitating prompt confirmation of relevance and exposure within your environment.

  • Manipulated graphics data could compromise systems.
  • Affects widely used communication and browsing tools.
  • Confirm exposure and prioritize assessment.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could exploit this by tricking a user into visiting a malicious website, or opening a specially crafted email. This interaction would allow a compromised web process to send manipulated data to a more privileged process, potentially leading to unauthorized actions.

  • Requires a web process compromise.
  • Triggered by manipulated WebGL textures.
  • Allows out-of-bounds reads/writes.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A compromised web process could lead to out-of-bounds reads and writes in a more privileged process by manipulating WebGL textures. This could impact system integrity and the confidentiality of data processed by the more privileged component.

  • System data and integrity.
  • Manipulated WebGL textures.
  • Unspecified critical system compromise.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability, impacting Firefox and Thunderbird, likely falls under the purview of application owners and potentially security teams, especially those managing endpoint security. The first practical step is to determine the scope of affected systems, assess their exposure and criticality, and identify the specific teams accountable for these user-facing applications to coordinate remediation.

  • Own the issue: Application owners and security teams.
  • Verify first: User exposure and system criticality.
  • Action: Plan coordinated updates and user guidance.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is Firefox and Thunderbird in this context?

Firefox is a widely used web browser, and Thunderbird is a popular email client. Both applications use web-based engines to render content, meaning they constantly interpret complex data from the internet. This specific issue involves how these programs process graphics-related information while displaying websites or emails.

What does CWE-787 mean for CVE-2025-11709?

CWE-787 refers to an Out-of-Bounds Write vulnerability. In plain terms, the software fails to properly check memory boundaries when handling data. Because of this flaw, the program inadvertently writes information into areas of system memory it should not access, which can corrupt data or interfere with the application's secure operation.

How do manipulated WebGL textures trigger this bug?

WebGL is a technology that allows browsers to render 3D graphics. The vulnerability occurs when an attacker provides specially crafted texture data that intentionally forces the program to calculate memory locations incorrectly. Simply opening a standard webpage or email does not trigger this; the malicious content must be specifically designed to exploit the graphics processing logic.

Is my system at risk if I use these applications?

Halo Surface Signal notes that because Firefox and Thunderbird are built to process untrusted content from the public internet, they are frequently exposed to remote interactions. If you use these applications to browse the web or access external email, your environment is likely in the path of potential exploitation, as these tools are designed to interact directly with external networks.

Do I need to update my software to fix this?

Yes, updating is the primary way to address this. The vulnerability was resolved in Firefox 144, Firefox ESR versions 115.29 and 140.4, and Thunderbird versions 144 and 140.4. Check your application settings or your organization's software management dashboard to verify you are running these versions or newer to ensure the fix is applied.

References