External risk intelligence

Insecure Redirect Parameter Allows Arbitrary Code Execution

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.3)

CVE-2025-12140

The vulnerability exists in a URL redirection mechanism that processes input parameters. Such features are commonly implemented in web applications and APIs that are exposed to the public internet to handle navigation, user redirection, or integration flows, making the affected interface a common point of interaction for external users.

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

The application has a critical security flaw in its redirection feature, which can be exploited over the network by unauthenticated attackers. This could potentially allow for arbitrary code execution within the application. The main concern is to confirm if our systems use this specific application and are exposed externally.

Flaw lets attackers run custom code remotely.
Confirms exposure and relevance of this vulnerability.
Understand potential impact and prioritize review.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious URL that includes a specially formatted `redirectUrlParameter`. When this URL is processed, the application misinterprets the input as a Java expression, leading to arbitrary code execution.

No authentication or user interaction needed.
Malicious URL triggers code execution.
Arbitrary code execution risk.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code by providing a specially crafted string to the 'redirectUrlParameter'. This could impact the application's underlying system if it interprets these strings as executable Java expressions.

Arbitrary code execution on the system.
Unauthenticated network access.
System compromise.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

To address this critical vulnerability, application owners and platform teams should collaborate to identify and secure instances of the affected application. The initial practical step involves locating all deployments, assessing their exposure and business criticality, and then prioritizing remediation efforts based on the potential impact and available maintenance windows.

Owner: Application owners and platform teams.
Verify: Which instances are externally reachable.
Action: Plan remediation based on risk.

Supplementary metadata

CVSS vector

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the software affected by CVE-2025-12140?

This CVE impacts an application that utilizes a 'redirectToUrl' mechanism to manage web navigation. This feature is typically used in web-based systems to route users to different pages or manage integration flows after certain actions. The vulnerability lies specifically in how the system handles the 'redirectUrlParameter' within this redirection logic.

What does CWE-95 mean in the context of this vulnerability?

CWE-95 refers to Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code, commonly known as a Code Injection flaw. In this case, the application mistakenly treats user-provided input in the 'redirectUrlParameter' as a Java expression. Instead of treating the input as simple text for a URL, the system executes it as active code, allowing the attacker to run arbitrary commands.

How is the CVE-2025-12140 vulnerability triggered?

An attacker triggers this flaw by crafting a malicious URL containing a specially formatted string in the 'redirectUrlParameter'. The vulnerability requires the application to process this specific parameter to execute the hidden code. If the application does not reach the vulnerable redirection logic or if the input does not contain a recognizable Java expression, the attack does not succeed.

Why should I care about CVE-2025-12140 if I run this application?

According to Halo Surface Signal, this vulnerability is highly relevant because it exists in a redirection mechanism often found in web applications and APIs exposed to the public internet. Because the flaw can be exploited by unauthenticated users over the network without requiring any user interaction, any instance of this software accessible from the internet is at significant risk.

What should I do first to address CVE-2025-12140?

Your first step is to identify all deployments of the affected application across your environment. Prioritize mapping which instances are reachable from the internet, as these are the most critical. Once identified, evaluate the business context of these systems to prioritize your remediation efforts and coordinate with platform teams to apply the necessary updates provided by the vendor.

References

cert.pl/posts/2025/11/CVE-2025-12140/

Written by Nicholas Merritt

Nicholas Merritt is VP of Security Solutions at Halo Security. With more than 25 years across application security, vulnerability prioritization, and offensive security, he helps teams translate threat data into practical exposure validation and remediation focus. He authors Halo Threat Intelligence CVE advisories using Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context to prioritize internet-facing risk.