External risk intelligence

Windows Ancillary Function Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2025-21418

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock. This allows a local attacker to gain higher system permissions, potentially leading to unauthorized access and control of affected systems. This elevates business risk for organizations with unpatched systems.

1Halo Surface Signal

Microsoft Windows 10 1607

before 10.0.10240.20915before 10.0.17763.6893before 10.0.19044.5487before 10.0.19045.5487before 10.0.22621.4890before 10.0.22631.4890before 10.0.26100.3107r2before 10.0.14393.7785;...

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2025-21418

The vulnerability affects a Windows internal kernel-mode driver (Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock). Exploitation requires local access to the system to execute code, making it inherently local-only and not reachable via public internet exposure.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A vulnerability exists within the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock. This flaw allows for an elevation of privilege, meaning an attacker with local access could potentially gain higher system permissions. This could lead to unauthorized access and control over affected systems.

  • Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock
  • Privilege escalation flaw
  • Unauthorized system control

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

This vulnerability allows an attacker with local access to elevate their privileges on a Windows system. The attack involves exploiting a flaw in the Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock. Successful exploitation could grant an attacker SYSTEM-level privileges, significantly increasing their control over the affected system.

  • Local access required for exposure.
  • Attacker executes malicious code.
  • Results in privilege escalation.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability allows an attacker with local access to elevate their privileges to SYSTEM level. Successful exploitation could grant an attacker extensive control over the affected Windows systems. This elevates the business risk, especially for organizations using unpatched systems, as it could lead to significant data compromise or system disruption.

  • Requires local access.
  • Difficult to exploit.
  • High business risk.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in Microsoft Windows affects the Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock, potentially allowing a local attacker to elevate privileges. Organizations should prioritize identifying all Windows systems that could be exposed to this vulnerability. Reducing exposure, applying the official vendor fix, verifying its successful implementation, and establishing ongoing monitoring are critical next steps to mitigate business risk.

  • Identify all affected Windows assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate affected systems.
  • Apply vendor fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock?

The Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock is a component within Microsoft Windows that assists with network communication functions related to Windows Sockets (WinSock). It plays a role in enabling applications to send and receive data over networks. This advisory indicates a security vulnerability within this driver.

What is CVE-2025-21418 and what kind of weakness is it?

CVE-2025-21418 describes an elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock. This type of weakness is categorized as CWE-122, which often relates to issues like heap-based buffer overflows, allowing an attacker to potentially gain higher system permissions than they should have.

How can an attacker exploit this Windows vulnerability?

Exploiting this vulnerability requires an attacker to first gain local access to the affected Windows system. This means the attacker must already be able to run code on the machine. The vulnerability is not triggered by remote access or by simply visiting a website; it necessitates a pre-existing foothold on the system.

Who should be concerned about this vulnerability's impact?

Organizations should be concerned if they run affected versions of Windows. This vulnerability is classified as 'internal' because it requires local access to exploit. Therefore, systems that are accessible only by users already logged in locally, rather than those directly exposed to the internet, are the primary concern.

What are the first steps for running this technology?

If your organization uses the affected Windows technology, the immediate next steps are to identify all Windows systems that may be running the vulnerable component. After identification, consider reducing the exposure of these systems and prioritize applying the official fix provided by the vendor to mitigate the risk.

References