External risk intelligence

Qualcomm Chipsets Memory Corruption Vulnerability.

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2025-21480

The vulnerability affects Qualcomm chipsets, allowing for memory corruption through unauthorized command execution. This poses a risk of compromised confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. The vulnerability has been added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

1Halo Surface Signal

Qualcomm Aqt1000 Firmware

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2025-21480

This vulnerability affects GPU firmware and internal hardware components within mobile and compute platforms. These components are deeply embedded, not exposed to the public internet, and require local, low-level interaction with the device's hardware, making them inherently isolated from remote network attack vectors.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Certain Qualcomm chipsets are susceptible to a flaw that permits unauthorized command execution within the GPU micronode. This can lead to memory corruption, potentially impacting the integrity and availability of systems. The vulnerability could affect organizations utilizing devices with these chipsets, leading to business risks associated with compromised data or system functionality.

  • Vulnerable Qualcomm chipsets
  • Unauthorized command execution
  • Memory corruption and system impact

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could exploit a memory corruption vulnerability within a Qualcomm GPU micronode. This occurs through the execution of a specific sequence of commands, leading to unauthorized command execution. The outcome of this exploit is unauthorized command execution within the GPU micronode.

  • Requires local access.
  • Attacker executes specific commands.
  • Results in memory corruption.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability presents a risk of memory corruption and unauthorized command execution within a device's GPU, stemming from a specific sequence of commands. While the exploit requires local access, the potential consequences include significant data compromise and system disruption for affected organizations. Given the nature of the vulnerability and its inclusion on a known exploited vulnerabilities catalog, it warrants prompt attention.

  • Attacker skill level: Moderate
  • Required access or conditions: Local device access
  • Business risk or urgency: High, treat as urgent

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in Qualcomm chipsets allows for memory corruption through unauthorized command execution in the GPU micronode. This could impact affected systems and potentially lead to data compromise. The risk is considered internal, meaning it requires local access to the device.

  • Identify affected Qualcomm chipsets and devices.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate affected systems.
  • Apply vendor fixes and validate implementation.
  • Monitor for related security events.

Frequently asked questions

What is the nature of the security vulnerability affecting Qualcomm chipsets, and what is its assigned severity rating?

The security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-21480, involves memory corruption due to unauthorized command execution within the GPU micronode when a specific sequence of commands is processed. It has been assigned a high severity rating with a CVSS base score of 8.6.

What specific weakness class is associated with CVE-2025-21480, and how does it relate to the vulnerability's execution?

This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-863, which pertains to Incorrect Authorization. This means that the system fails to properly verify whether a user or process has the necessary permissions, leading to unauthorized access and subsequent memory corruption in the GPU micronode during command execution.

What is the trigger path for this vulnerability, and does it involve any scope negation?

The vulnerability is triggered by executing a specific sequence of commands to the GPU micronode. The scope is not negated; rather, the weakness lies in the improper authorization checks allowing unauthorized commands to be executed, leading to corruption within the GPU's internal processing.

How relevant is CVE-2025-21480, especially concerning its listing on the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog?

CVE-2025-21480 is highly relevant as it is listed on the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating that it has been actively exploited. The CISA catalog lists this vulnerability as of June 3, 2025.

What practical steps should be taken to address this Qualcomm chipset vulnerability, considering its internal exposure classification?

Given that the vulnerability has an internal exposure classification (CVSS v3.1 Attack Vector is Local), organizations should apply mitigations provided by Qualcomm as per vendor instructions. Following applicable Binding Operational Directive 22-01 for cloud services and discontinuing use if mitigations are unavailable are also recommended actions. Vendor-specific patching status should be confirmed.

References