External risk intelligence

Microsoft Windows NTFS Information Disclosure Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2025-24991

A vulnerability in Windows NTFS allows an authorized local attacker to read sensitive information. This impacts data confidentiality and poses a business risk. The exposure is classified as internal, meaning an attacker requires existing system access.

1Halo Surface Signal

Out-of-bounds Read

Microsoft Windows 10 1507

before 10.0.10240.20947before 10.0.14393.7876before 10.0.17763.7009before 10.0.19044.5608before 10.0.19045.5608before 10.0.22621.5039before 10.0.22631.5039before 10.0.26100.3403r2;...

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2025-24991

This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS file system, which is a core operating system component. Exploitation requires local access to the system, as it is not a network-reachable service or internet-facing application. Therefore, it is categorized as internal-only and lacks any typical public network exposure.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A vulnerability exists within the Windows NTFS file system. This flaw enables an authorized attacker with local access to potentially read sensitive information from the system. The impact centers on the unauthorized disclosure of data, which could affect organizational data confidentiality and expose business risk.

  • Vulnerable: Windows NTFS file system
  • Flaw: Out-of-bounds read allows information disclosure
  • Impact: Unauthorized data access

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

A local attacker with appropriate permissions could exploit an out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the Windows NTFS file system. This vulnerability allows for the disclosure of sensitive information. The attack path involves an authorized user on the affected system initiating an action that triggers the vulnerability, leading to unauthorized data access.

  • Local user access required.
  • Trigger vulnerability via specific action.
  • Discloses local information.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability affects the Windows NTFS file system, allowing an authorized user to read sensitive information locally. The exposure is considered internal, meaning an attacker must have existing access to a system to exploit it. While the exploitability is rated as low and requires user interaction, the potential for information disclosure presents a business risk.

  • Attacker skill level: Basic
  • Required access: Local system access
  • Business risk: Information disclosure

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Windows NTFS could allow an authorized local attacker to disclose information. This type of vulnerability impacts the confidentiality of data. Organizations should prioritize identifying and mitigating the risk associated with this vulnerability across their Windows environments.

  • Find affected Windows assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Apply vendor fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Windows NTFS file system and what is its function?

The Windows NTFS file system is a foundational component of Microsoft Windows. It is responsible for organizing, storing, and managing data on storage devices like hard drives and SSDs. NTFS supports critical features such as file permissions, encryption, and journaling, which are vital for secure and reliable data handling in modern computing environments.

What type of weakness does CVE-2025-24991 represent?

CVE-2025-24991 describes an out-of-bounds read vulnerability, classified as CWE-125. This weakness occurs when a program attempts to access data beyond the boundaries of its allocated memory buffer. Such an event can potentially lead to the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information or system instability.

How can CVE-2025-24991 be triggered and what is the scope of impact?

This vulnerability can be exploited by an authorized local attacker with existing access to the affected system. The attack involves triggering an out-of-bounds read within the Windows NTFS file system. The scope of the impact is local, meaning the vulnerability does not extend to remote network access, and it allows for the disclosure of information residing on the system itself.

What is the relevance of CVE-2025-24991 for security?

CVE-2025-24991 is relevant because it allows an authorized local attacker to disclose information from the Windows NTFS file system. While exploitation requires local access and user interaction, the potential for unauthorized data disclosure poses a risk to data confidentiality. Organizations must address this to prevent potential information leaks.

What practical steps should be taken in response to CVE-2025-24991?

Organizations should identify all Windows assets that utilize the NTFS file system. It is crucial to implement vendor-provided mitigations and apply security updates promptly to address this vulnerability. Verifying the successful application of patches and ongoing monitoring of the environment are recommended steps to reduce exposure and mitigate risk.

References