External risk intelligence

H3C Network Devices Command Injection Vulnerability

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-29296

The affected products are consumer and small-business network routing/gateway devices. These devices are designed to be internet-facing by default, and the vulnerable API interfaces are part of the core management functionality typically accessible over the network.

Command Injection

Halo Surface Signal: 5 out of 5 — more likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Multiple command injection vulnerabilities exist in several H3C network devices, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root. This means an attacker could potentially gain complete control over the affected devices, impacting their functionality and security. The main concern is confirming the relevance and exposure of these devices within your environment.

  • Attackers can run any command on devices.
  • This threat allows full device compromise.
  • Confirm if these specific devices are used.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker can exploit command injection vulnerabilities in the `/api/esps` request handler by sending specially crafted parameters. These parameters are then executed as shell commands without proper sanitization, allowing the attacker to run arbitrary commands as root. This can lead to full control over the affected network device.

  • Network exposure required.
  • Unvalidated request parameters trigger vulnerability.
  • Complete device control is the risk.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

The identified command injection vulnerabilities in several H3C network devices could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the root user, leading to complete device compromise. This could occur when an attacker crafts malicious requests to specific API interfaces, such as those handling DHCP, URL filtering, or system settings. The underlying issue stems from improperly validated user input being incorporated into system shell commands.

  • Affected asset: Network device.
  • Exposure: Exploiting unvalidated request parameters.
  • Consequence: Complete device control.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This critical vulnerability in H3C network devices allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root. Responsibility for addressing this typically falls to network infrastructure teams, potentially in coordination with vendor management if devices are externally sourced. The first practical step is to identify all deployed instances of the affected H3C models, determine their network exposure and business criticality, and then plan remediation.

  • Network infrastructure teams should own the issue.
  • Verify network exposure and device criticality.
  • Plan coordinated vendor-assisted remediation.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is the H3C equipment affected by CVE-2025-29296?

These products are H3C Magic and NX series network routers and gateway devices, such as the BE18000, NX400, and R3010. They are designed to manage internet connectivity, handle DHCP traffic, and filter web access for home or small-business networks. These devices serve as the central hub for local network traffic, meaning they bridge internal connected hardware with the wider internet.

What is command injection in this CVE?

This is a software flaw classified as CWE-77, where an application takes user-provided data and accidentally runs it as a system command. In these H3C devices, the API interface fails to clean incoming requests before passing them to the operating system's shell. Because the device processes these requests with administrative or 'root' privileges, a successful injection allows an attacker to run any command they choose, effectively taking over the device's functions.

How does an attacker trigger these vulnerabilities?

An attacker triggers this by sending a specially crafted request to specific API endpoints on the device, such as those responsible for DHCP configuration or URL filtering. The bug is specifically tied to the processing of parameters within the /api/esps handler. Importantly, simply using the standard administrative interface or performing basic network traffic does not trigger the issue; the flaw requires the delivery of intentionally malicious, unvalidated input designed to manipulate the shell.

How do I know if my H3C device is at risk?

Halo Surface Signal indicates that because these devices are typically designed to be internet-facing to support their core management and routing features, the risk of external access is high. If your H3C device is directly connected to the internet to provide gateway services, it is a primary candidate for this risk. Devices residing on internal networks with no internet exposure are generally at lower risk of remote exploitation, though they remain vulnerable to local network actors.

What should I do first to address this?

Your first step is to conduct an inventory to identify if any of the listed H3C models are currently active in your environment. Once identified, assess their connectivity to determine if they are exposed to the internet. If you find these devices, prioritize checking for any official firmware updates from H3C that address these specific API vulnerabilities. Coordinate with your network team to restrict management access to these devices until a verified update is applied.

References