External risk intelligence

Apple Operating Systems: Malicious Image Processing Vulnerability

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2025-43300

An out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Apple's Image I/O framework could lead to memory corruption. This issue has been addressed in software updates and has reportedly been exploited in targeted attacks, posing a risk to affected organizations.

2Halo Surface Signal

Out-of-bounds Write

Apple Ipados

before 15.8.516.0 to before 16.7.1217.0 to before 17.7.1018.0 to before 18.6.217.0 to before 18.6.213.0 to before 13.7.814.0 to before 14.7.815.0 to before 15.6.1

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2025-43300

This vulnerability affects client-side operating systems (iOS, iPadOS, macOS) and requires the user to process a malicious image file. While image processing is a common function, these platforms are not typically deployed as public-facing internet services, gateways, or edge servers, making direct public-internet exposure of the vulnerable surface uncommon in most standard deployments.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

Apple's Image I/O framework is vulnerable due to an out-of-bounds write issue that arises when processing a specially crafted image file. This flaw can lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected devices. The vulnerability has reportedly been exploited in sophisticated, targeted attacks, posing a significant risk to individuals and potentially organizations with affected Apple devices.

  • Vulnerable Apple image processing.
  • Flaw allows memory corruption.
  • Creates risk of code execution.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists within the Image I/O framework. Processing a specially crafted image file can lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to gain control. This issue has been addressed through software updates.

  • Exposure condition: Image processing functionality.
  • Attacker starting point: Network access.
  • Trigger and result: Malicious image leads to memory corruption.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability presents a significant risk due to its potential for severe impact on affected systems. It is documented as having been exploited in highly sophisticated attacks against specific individuals, indicating a real-world threat. The issue could lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing attackers to compromise data and system integrity.

  • Likely attacker skill level: High
  • Required access or conditions: Malicious image file processing
  • Business risk or urgency: Critical

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

An out-of-bounds write vulnerability has been identified that could lead to memory corruption if a malicious image file is processed. This issue has been addressed with improved bounds checking in updated versions of iOS, iPadOS, and macOS. There is a report that this vulnerability may have been exploited in targeted attacks.

  • Identify affected assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is the vulnerability in Apple's Image I/O framework and how does it work?

The vulnerability is an out-of-bounds write issue within Apple's Image I/O framework. It occurs when a device processes a specially crafted, malicious image file, which can lead to memory corruption. This memory corruption creates a risk of arbitrary code execution on affected devices.

What weakness class does CVE-2025-43300 represent and what is the potential impact?

CVE-2025-43300 is classified under CWE-787, which signifies an out-of-bounds write. The impact is severe, as it can lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code and compromise the integrity and confidentiality of the affected system.

How can this vulnerability be triggered, and what is the scope of its impact?

The vulnerability is triggered when a device processes a malicious image file. The scope of impact extends to Apple's iOS, iPadOS, and macOS operating systems, affecting various versions including iOS 15.8.5 and later, iPadOS 15.8.5 and later, macOS Ventura 13.7.8 and later, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8 and later, and macOS Sequoia 15.6.1 and later.

Is there a real-world threat associated with this vulnerability, and what is the relevance?

Yes, this vulnerability is relevant due to reports of it being exploited in extremely sophisticated attacks against specific targeted individuals. Apple's Halo Surface Signal assessment indicates this vulnerability is unlikely to be exposed via the public internet, but the targeted nature of the exploitation highlights a significant risk to individuals.

What steps should be taken to address this vulnerability?

To address this vulnerability, it is crucial to identify all affected Apple devices. Users should update their operating systems to the patched versions: iOS 15.8.5, iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12, iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, and macOS Ventura 13.7.8. After applying updates, verify the fix and continue to monitor for any further issues.

References