External risk intelligence

TDuck Cloud File Upload SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-57631

TDuck is a web-based form building platform commonly deployed as a public-facing web application. Vulnerabilities in modules such as file upload functionality within this type of application are frequently reachable via the internet in standard deployments.

SQL Injection

Tduckcloud Tduck

5.1

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A critical vulnerability has been identified in TDuckCloud's file upload module that could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. This means unauthorized individuals could potentially run their own commands on affected systems without needing any prior access or credentials.

Allows remote code execution.
High impact if your TDuckCloud is exposed.
Confirm relevance and scope of exposure.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the file upload module. This module, present in TDuckCloud, is exposed externally and accessible over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. Successful exploitation could lead to the execution of arbitrary code.

No authentication or user interaction needed.
File upload module is the trigger point.
Leads to arbitrary code execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A critical SQL injection vulnerability in the file upload module of TDuckCloud could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. This could impact the integrity and availability of the affected system, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution.

System data and service integrity.
Remote code execution via file upload.
Compromised system and data loss.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

The TDuckCloud platform's SQL injection vulnerability primarily impacts application owners responsible for the deployed instances of the TDuckCloud software. Initial triage should focus on confirming the presence and reachability of TDuckCloud deployments, identifying business-critical instances, and locating the accountable system owner to initiate a risk-based remediation plan.

Application owners to lead remediation efforts.
Verify TDuckCloud instances and reachability.
Plan remediation based on identified risk.

Supplementary metadata

CVSS vector

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

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Frequently asked questions

What is TDuck?

TDuck is a web-based form-building platform that enables users to create, distribute, and manage online surveys and data collection forms. It serves as a central hub for gathering user input, often requiring a server-side component to process and store files submitted through these forms.

What does CVE-2025-57631 mean in plain English?

This vulnerability is a SQL Injection, classified as CWE-89. It happens when an application fails to properly clean data sent by a user before processing it in a database query. In this specific case, the flaw allows an attacker to manipulate those database commands to bypass normal security and execute their own unauthorized code on the host system.

How does an attacker trigger this vulnerability?

An attacker triggers the bug by sending a specially crafted, malicious request specifically to the file upload module within the TDuck platform. This process does not require any prior authentication or user interaction. Note that simply browsing the site or interacting with other parts of the application that do not involve the file upload function will not trigger this vulnerability.

Why is this CVE important for my network?

This vulnerability is highly significant because TDuck is typically deployed as a public-facing web application. According to Halo Surface Signal, because the file upload module is accessible over the network, it is classified as an external threat. This means any internet-connected instance of the affected software is reachable by remote attackers.

What should I do if I run TDuckCloud?

Your first step is to perform an inventory of your environment to identify all active TDuckCloud instances. Prioritize identifying which instances are reachable from the internet, as these are the most at-risk. Once identified, work with your system owners to review your deployment and prepare a risk-based remediation plan to address the vulnerability.

References

Written by Nicholas Merritt

Nicholas Merritt is VP of Security Solutions at Halo Security. With more than 25 years across application security, vulnerability prioritization, and offensive security, he helps teams translate threat data into practical exposure validation and remediation focus. He authors Halo Threat Intelligence CVE advisories using Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context to prioritize internet-facing risk.