External risk intelligence

Whale Browser iframe sandbox escape vulnerability.

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-62583

The vulnerability involves an iframe sandbox escape within a web browser, which is a client-side application. It requires a user to navigate to malicious content within the browser environment and is not a network-facing service, gateway, or public endpoint.

Navercorp Whale

before 4.33.325.17

Halo Surface Signal: 1 out of 5 — much less likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This advisory addresses a critical vulnerability identified in the Whale browser that could allow an attacker to bypass security sandboxing within the application. While the direct impact is currently assessed as low for our organization due to the nature of the exploit and how it would likely be encountered, it's important to confirm relevance and exposure.

  • Browser vulnerability bypasses security.
  • Confirm if our users use this browser.
  • Assess risk if usage is confirmed.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could lead a user to a specially crafted webpage that exploits a flaw in how Whale Browser handles dual-tabbed iframes. This could allow the attacker to break out of the browser's sandbox, potentially leading to the compromise of the user's system.

  • No authentication or user interaction needed.
  • User visits a malicious website.
  • Sandbox escape, leading to system compromise.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability could allow an attacker to bypass the iframe sandbox when two tabs are used in certain configurations, potentially affecting sensitive information or system data accessible within the browser's context.

  • Browser sandbox.
  • User navigates to malicious content.
  • Sensitive information exposure.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

To address this critical vulnerability, application owners responsible for deploying Whale Browser instances should take the lead. The immediate first step is to inventory all deployments of Whale Browser, identify critical assets where it is in use, and then confirm internet-facing exposure. Following this, a coordinated effort will be needed to plan and execute remediation based on the assessed risk and potential business impact.

  • Application owners manage remediation.
  • Verify browser deployments and exposure.
  • Plan and coordinate updates or mitigation.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is Whale Browser?

Whale Browser is a web browser developed by Naver Corporation. It is designed to help users manage multiple tasks simultaneously, featuring unique tools like a split-screen or dual-tab view that allows two different web pages to be viewed side-by-side within the same window.

What does CVE-2025-62583 mean?

This CVE refers to a security weakness classified as CWE-358, which involves a failure to properly handle the security boundaries set by an iframe sandbox. In simple terms, it means the browser fails to keep untrusted website content properly isolated, allowing that content to escape its restricted area and interact with the broader system.

How is this sandbox escape triggered?

The issue is triggered when a user navigates the browser to a specially crafted malicious website while using the dual-tab or split-view feature. It does not occur during standard single-tab browsing, nor does it require existing authentication to the system to be successfully initiated.

Is my organization at risk from this vulnerability?

According to Halo Surface Signal, this vulnerability is considered unlikely to pose a broad risk to infrastructure. Because it is a client-side browser issue that requires a user to visit malicious content, it does not function like a public-facing network service or gateway that an attacker can target remotely.

What steps should I take if we use Whale Browser?

You should first create an inventory to identify which systems or users have Whale Browser installed. Once located, prioritize updating the software to version 4.33.325.17 or later, as this release includes the necessary security changes to prevent the iframe sandbox escape.

References