External risk intelligence

Frappe Framework SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-66205

Frappe is a full-stack web application framework used to build and deploy web applications. These applications are commonly deployed as public-facing web services or APIs, making the underlying framework endpoints reachable from the internet in standard deployment configurations.

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This advisory concerns a critical vulnerability in the Frappe web application framework, allowing unauthorized access to sensitive information through a weakness in how specific data inputs are handled. While the direct impact may be limited to data retrieval, its potential integration into broader exploitation chains warrants attention to confirm relevance within your environment.

  • Framework vulnerability allows data exposure.
  • Critical flaw could allow attackers access.
  • Confirm if your systems use this framework.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could target a Frappe web application by sending specially crafted requests to a specific endpoint. Because this endpoint does not properly validate incoming parameters, an attacker can inject malicious SQL code. This could allow them to access or modify sensitive data within the application's database.

  • No authentication required.
  • Malicious SQL injected via endpoint.
  • Leads to sensitive data exposure.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

An error-based SQL injection vulnerability in a specific endpoint could allow an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve certain information, such as the application's version, when the framework is deployed with default configurations.

  • Application version data at risk.
  • Via unvalidated endpoint parameters.
  • Disclosure of system version information.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

Application owners and infrastructure teams are likely responsible for addressing this SQL injection vulnerability in the Frappe framework. The first practical step is to identify all instances of Frappe, determine their network exposure and business criticality, and locate the accountable owner before planning remediation during a maintenance window.

  • Application owners should prioritize remediation efforts.
  • Verify network reachability and business criticality of instances.
  • Plan remediation based on identified risk and ownership.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Frappe framework?

Frappe is a full-stack, open-source web application framework written in Python and JavaScript. It provides a comprehensive suite of tools for developers to build, deploy, and manage data-driven web applications and APIs. Many enterprise resource planning and business software solutions are built on top of this framework.

What does CVE-2025-66205 mean by SQL injection?

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-89, which is Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command. In plain English, the framework fails to properly sanitize or validate user-supplied parameters before processing them in database queries. An attacker can supply malicious SQL code through a specific endpoint to trick the application into executing unauthorized database commands.

How can an attacker trigger this vulnerability?

An attacker triggers this issue by sending specially crafted web requests to a vulnerable endpoint within the Frappe framework. Because the application does not validate the input, the malicious query is executed. This vulnerability does not require the attacker to be authenticated or logged into the system; however, it specifically relates to the handling of parameter inputs at that designated endpoint.

Is my system at risk if it uses Frappe?

According to Halo Surface Signal, Frappe applications are frequently deployed as public-facing services or APIs, making them reachable from the internet by default. If your instance is internet-facing, it is more accessible to external actors. You should assess whether your specific deployment exposes these framework endpoints to the network.

How do I secure my Frappe installation?

The primary response is to update your Frappe framework to a secure version. Versions 15.86.0 and 14.99.2 contain the necessary fixes. Before updating, identify all running instances, confirm their network reachability, and coordinate with the application owners to schedule the update during an appropriate maintenance window.

References