External risk intelligence

Frappe Framework Server-Side Template Injection Leads to Remote Code Execution

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.0)

CVE-2025-68929

Frappe is a full-stack web application framework commonly deployed as a public-facing web platform. Because it operates as an internet-accessible application environment, the attack surface is generally reachable by external users, making it a likely target for exposure in common web-based deployments.

Remote Code Execution

Frappe

before 14.99.615.0.0 to before 15.88.1

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A vulnerability in the Frappe web application framework could allow an authenticated user with specific permissions to execute malicious code on the server by clicking a crafted link. This could lead to a compromise of the affected server.

  • Malicious code execution via crafted links.
  • Affects a common web application framework.
  • Confirm if Frappe is used and assess exposure.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by tricking an authenticated user into clicking a specially crafted link. This action would cause a malicious template to be executed on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution.

  • Requires authenticated user access.
  • Triggered by clicking a crafted link.
  • Enables server-side code execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

When supported by the advisory, an authenticated user with specific permissions could be tricked into executing malicious code on the server by accessing a specially crafted link. This could affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the web application framework.

  • Server-side code execution.
  • Malicious link access by authenticated users.
  • Compromise of application data and services.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

Application owners are likely responsible for Frappe, a web application framework, and should first identify all instances, confirm their reachability and business criticality, and assign an owner for remediation planning.

  • Application owners should own the issue.
  • Verify instance reachability and criticality.
  • Plan remediation based on risk assessment.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Frappe framework?

Frappe is a full-stack, open-source web application framework used by developers to build complex business applications. It provides the core architecture, database management, and user interface components that power various enterprise tools and platforms, making it a foundational piece of technology for many web-based business services.

How does CVE-2025-68929 work?

This vulnerability is classified as Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine, or CWE-1336. It occurs when the application improperly processes user-provided input within a template. By crafting a specific link that an authenticated user clicks, an attacker can force the server to execute unintended, malicious template code, resulting in remote code execution.

Do I need to be a system administrator for this to trigger?

The vulnerability requires two specific conditions: the target user must be authenticated, and they must have specific permissions within the Frappe framework. A simple, unauthorized visitor cannot trigger the flaw; it relies on tricking a legitimate user who is already logged in and possesses the necessary access rights to interact with the malicious link.

Why is this CVE concerning for my web applications?

According to Halo Surface Signal, Frappe is frequently deployed as a public-facing platform, meaning it is often directly accessible via the internet. Because the framework serves as the backbone for business applications, this vulnerability effectively grants an attacker a path to execute code on your server if a user is tricked, creating a high-risk scenario for any internet-exposed instance.

How do I secure my environment against this flaw?

The primary response is to update your Frappe framework instances to the patched versions: 14.99.6 or 15.88.1. Start by inventorying your applications to identify which instances are running vulnerable versions. Since no workarounds exist, prioritizing the update process is the only effective way to remediate the vulnerability and protect your server.

References