External risk intelligence

Cadmos LTI Information Exposure via Debug Mode

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.2)

CVE-2026-102628

The vulnerability involves a web application that was publicly accessible on the internet. Since the application is a web-based service, it is inherently designed to be reachable via network requests, making public exposure common for this type of deployment.

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A critical vulnerability was discovered in the Cadmos LTI application, identified as CVE-2026-102628. This issue stems from the application's Laravel debug mode being improperly enabled in a publicly accessible environment, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to expose sensitive server configuration details. While a fix was implemented prior to September 2, 2026, confirming the relevance and exposure of this application within your environment is the primary concern.

Exposed sensitive server details without authentication.
Crucial for confirming exposure to potential information disclosure.
Verify if your organization uses this application.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a simple web request to the Cadmos LTI application. Because the application's debug mode was mistakenly left enabled in a public environment, this request would trigger an error. Laravel would then reveal sensitive server configuration details, including all `.env` variables, directly to the attacker.

Publicly exposed web application.
Triggered by an unhandled exception.
Sensitive configuration data exposed.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

When the Cadmos LTI application is deployed with Laravel debug mode enabled in a public environment, an unauthenticated attacker could trigger an exception to expose sensitive server configuration details. This could potentially reveal all `.env` configuration variables in plaintext.

Server configuration data at risk.
Exposure via unhandled exception requests.
Configuration details could be disclosed.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in the Cadmos LTI application, exposed by Laravel debug mode, likely falls under the responsibility of application owners and platform teams. The initial practical step is to identify all instances of this application, confirm their accessibility and business criticality, and then engage the accountable owner to plan remediation, prioritizing systems that are both reachable and critical.

Application and platform teams own remediation.
Verify application reachability and business criticality.
Plan remediation based on identified risk.

Supplementary metadata

CVSS vector

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the Cadmos LTI application?

Cadmos LTI is a web-based Learning Tools Interoperability application. LTI is a standard used to integrate external software tools, such as specialized learning modules or content repositories, into larger learning management systems used by educational institutions. It functions as a bridge, allowing different platforms to share information securely while providing a unified user experience for instructors and students.

What is the weakness in CVE-2026-102628?

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-215 (Information Exposure Through Debug Information) and CWE-489 (Active Debug Code). It occurs when a web application is deployed with its debug mode active in a live, public environment. This setting is intended for development and troubleshooting; leaving it on causes the application to display granular system internals, such as environment variables and configuration files, whenever an error occurs.

How does an attacker trigger this vulnerability?

An unauthenticated attacker triggers this bug by sending a standard web request to the application that forces an unhandled exception. This specific error causes the Laravel framework to stop processing and output detailed debugging data. If the application is configured correctly for production, an exception would trigger a generic error page instead, preventing the exposure of underlying server variables.

Do I need to worry if this is on my internal network?

Halo Surface Signal identifies this as an external risk, meaning the primary threat comes from applications accessible via the public internet. If the Cadmos LTI instance is strictly restricted to a private, internal network without internet reachability, the immediate risk of remote exploitation is significantly lower. However, you should still disable debug mode to prevent unauthorized internal access to sensitive configuration.

When should I take action for this CVE?

If you are responsible for maintaining the Cadmos LTI application, your first step is to check if it is running with Laravel debug mode enabled in any live environment. Identify all deployed instances to confirm their network accessibility and business importance. If a vulnerable instance is discovered, work with your platform or development teams to deactivate debug mode and ensure production security settings are applied.

References

Written by Nicholas Merritt

Nicholas Merritt is VP of Security Solutions at Halo Security. With more than 25 years across application security, vulnerability prioritization, and offensive security, he helps teams translate threat data into practical exposure validation and remediation focus. He authors Halo Threat Intelligence CVE advisories using Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context to prioritize internet-facing risk.