External risk intelligence

Babelfish for PostgreSQL TDS Prelogin Heap Overflow Allows Command Execution.

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.3)

CVE-2026-119923

The vulnerability affects a database extension (Babelfish for PostgreSQL) listening on the TDS port (1433). While network-reachable, databases are typically deployed within internal network segments, protected by firewalls, and not directly exposed to the public internet in common, secure architectural patterns.

Buffer Overflow

Halo Surface Signal: 2 out of 5 — less likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Babelfish for PostgreSQL extension, potentially allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as the database user. This issue affects the TDS prelogin parser, which handles initial connections to the database.

  • Database connection parser flaw allows command execution.
  • Confirms relevance and exposure within your systems.
  • Focus on verifying use and assessing potential impact.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could send a specially crafted network packet to the database's TDS port. This packet would target the TDS prelogin parser within the Babelfish for PostgreSQL extension, triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. If successful, this could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of the database process user.

  • Network access to the TDS port.
  • Malformed TDS prelogin packet.
  • Arbitrary OS command execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A heap-based buffer overflow in the TDS prelogin parser could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands as the database process user, when supported by the advisory.

  • Database process commands.
  • Malformed TDS packet to TDS port.
  • System compromise or data manipulation.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

The platform or database administration team is likely responsible for managing the Babelfish for PostgreSQL extension and Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL clusters. The initial practical step is to identify all instances of the affected technology, determine their exposure and business criticality, and then assign ownership for remediation planning.

  • Database administration teams own the issue.
  • Verify network exposure of the TDS port.
  • Plan upgrade or apply network access restrictions.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is Babelfish for PostgreSQL?

Babelfish for PostgreSQL is an extension that allows PostgreSQL databases to understand and process commands using the Tabular Data Stream (TDS) protocol. It is commonly used to migrate applications built for Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL, enabling them to communicate with the database as if it were a SQL Server instance.

What is the vulnerability in CVE-2026-119923?

The vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow, categorized as CWE-122. This weakness occurs when the database software fails to properly manage memory while processing incoming connection data. Because this happens in the TDS prelogin parser, an attacker can send specifically malformed data that overwrites adjacent memory, potentially leading to arbitrary operating system command execution.

How can an attacker trigger this vulnerability?

An attacker triggers this by sending a specially crafted, malformed TDS prelogin packet directly to the database's TDS port (typically 1433). The flaw exists in the initial connection handshake; therefore, it does not require authentication to trigger. Normal, well-formed connection attempts to the TDS port do not trigger this memory error.

Is my database at risk from this CVE?

According to Halo Surface Signal, this vulnerability is considered 'Unlikely' to be directly exploited for many organizations. While the flaw is network-reachable, databases are typically deployed within isolated internal network segments behind firewalls, rather than being exposed to the public internet.

How do I secure my systems against this threat?

The most effective response is to upgrade your Babelfish for PostgreSQL extension or your Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL cluster to the versions specified in the security advisory. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, restrict network access to the TDS port (1433) so that only authorized, trusted systems can communicate with the database.

References