External risk intelligence

Linux kernel could allow external attacker to cause system outages

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2026-23240

An external attacker can exploit a memory handling flaw in the Linux kernel to crash servers or gain full administrative control. This could lead to major operational disruption and unauthorized access to our private business data.

1Halo Surface Signal

Linux Kernel

5.3.1 to before 6.12.756.13 to before 6.18.166.19 to before 6.19.65.37.0

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2026-23240

This vulnerability is a local race condition in the Linux kernel TLS subsystem that requires local execution privileges to manipulate socket closing processes and trigger the use-after-free condition. It cannot be exploited directly over the public internet without prior local system access.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A race condition in the Linux kernel's TLS (Transport Layer Security) implementation can allow a worker process to use memory that has already been freed. This could lead to system instability or crashes, making it critical to address.

  • Affects systems using TLS.
  • Can cause system instability.
  • Requires local access to trigger.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker with local privileges could exploit this race condition in the Linux kernel's TLS implementation. By carefully timing socket closing operations with network traffic handling, they could cause the system to use a freed memory object, potentially leading to a crash or other unintended behavior.

  • Requires local access.
  • Targets TLS socket operations.
  • Exploits a specific timing window.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability, a race condition in the Linux kernel's TLS handling, presents a low immediate threat for widespread weaponization. Attackers typically favor vulnerabilities that offer remote code execution or privilege escalation without requiring prior access. Exploiting this specific issue necessitates local access and complex timing to trigger the use-after-free condition.

  • Requires local access.
  • Exploitation is complex.
  • Discovered during code audit.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

Prioritize patching systems running vulnerable Linux kernel versions. If patching is delayed, isolate affected services to prevent potential exploitation of the race condition that could lead to a use-after-free vulnerability.

  • Patch affected Linux kernels.
  • Monitor for suspicious TLS activity.
  • Isolate or take services offline.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Linux kernel and its role in operating systems?

The Linux kernel is the central component of the Linux operating system, responsible for managing the system's resources like the CPU, memory, and connected devices. It serves as the essential link between the computer's hardware and the software applications running on it, enabling them to function and communicate with the hardware.

What is CVE-2026-23240 and its weakness type?

CVE-2026-23240 is a vulnerability identified within the Linux kernel's implementation of Transport Layer Security (TLS). The weakness is a race condition (CWE-362), where a worker process might attempt to access memory that has already been deallocated, potentially causing system instability.

How can the TLS race condition in the Linux kernel be triggered?

The race condition occurs when `cancel_delayed_work_sync()` is invoked during `tls_sk_proto_close()`. Despite this, `tx_work_handler()` can still be scheduled through paths like the Delayed ACK handler or `ksoftirqd`. This allows the `tx_work_handler()` worker to potentially dereference a TLS object that has been freed, leading to issues.

What is the relevance of CVE-2026-23240 to external attackers?

CVE-2026-23240 is classified as an external vulnerability due to its network attack vector. However, exploiting it requires local system privileges and a complex manipulation of timing between socket closing and network traffic handling to trigger the use-after-free condition. Halo Surface Signal identifies this as very unlikely to be exploited directly over the internet without prior local access.

What steps should be taken to address the Linux kernel TLS vulnerability?

To mitigate CVE-2026-23240, it is crucial to promptly patch systems running affected versions of the Linux kernel. If immediate patching is not feasible, isolating the services that utilize TLS can help prevent potential exploitation of the race condition, which could otherwise lead to a use-after-free vulnerability.

References