External risk intelligence

FreeBSD Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability.

CVE advisorySeverity: HIGH (CVSS 7.8)

CVE-2026-45251

A use-after-free vulnerability in the operating system can be exploited by a local user to gain elevated privileges. This risk is internal, requiring local access to trigger the vulnerability. Organizations should identify affected assets and apply necessary fixes.

1Halo Surface Signal

Use After Free

Freebsd

14.314.415.0

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2026-45251

This vulnerability exists within the kernel and requires local access to the system to be triggered. It is not reachable via the network, making it a local-only issue that is not exposed to the public internet.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A file descriptor can be closed while a thread is waiting for it, leading to the object being freed while the thread remains blocked. This scenario can result in a use-after-free vulnerability. The vulnerability can be exploited by an unprivileged local user to gain elevated privileges.

  • Vulnerable kernel component
  • Use-after-free memory access
  • Unauthorized privilege escalation

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

A race condition allows a local user to trigger a use-after-free vulnerability. This occurs when a file descriptor is closed while a thread is waiting on it, leading to the thread accessing freed memory. Exploiting this can allow an unprivileged local user to gain superuser privileges.

  • Local user with system access
  • Close file descriptor while thread waits
  • Access freed memory, gain elevated privileges

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A use-after-free vulnerability has been identified in the operating system that could allow an unprivileged local user to gain superuser privileges. This type of vulnerability occurs when a program attempts to access memory that has already been freed, potentially leading to system instability or unauthorized access. The root cause involves a race condition where a file descriptor can be closed while a thread is waiting on it, leading to the thread accessing deallocated memory.

  • Attacker needs low skill.
  • Local access required to exploit.
  • High business risk; treat as urgent.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

A use-after-free vulnerability has been identified that may allow an unprivileged local user to gain superuser privileges. This occurs when a file descriptor is closed while a thread is waiting on that descriptor, potentially leading to memory access issues. The risk is classified as internal due to the local access requirement.

  • Find affected assets.
  • Reduce exposure or isolate risk.
  • Fix, verify, and monitor.

Frequently asked questions

What is FreeBSD and what is its role in computing systems?

FreeBSD is an open-source operating system derived from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix. It is recognized for its robustness, high performance, and sophisticated features, making it a preferred choice for servers, networking hardware, and embedded devices. Professionals utilize FreeBSD for diverse applications such as hosting websites, managing file shares, and serving as a foundation for developing complex software solutions.

What is CVE-2026-45251 and its associated weakness class?

CVE-2026-45251 identifies a use-after-free vulnerability within FreeBSD. This weakness, classified under CWE-416, arises when a program tries to access memory that has already been released, potentially leading to security compromises.

How can CVE-2026-45251 be triggered and what is the scope of its impact?

The vulnerability can be exploited by an unprivileged local user. It stems from a race condition where a file descriptor is closed while a thread is blocked waiting for it, potentially allowing the thread to access freed memory and escalate privileges.

What is the relevance of CVE-2026-45251 for system security?

This vulnerability allows an unprivileged local user to obtain superuser privileges, posing a significant security risk. It is classified as an internal threat due to the requirement for local system access, rather than network exposure.

What are the recommended steps to address the FreeBSD vulnerability?

To mitigate this risk, identify all affected FreeBSD assets, reduce their exposure, or isolate them if necessary. After implementing fixes, verify their effectiveness and establish ongoing monitoring to ensure continued security.

References