External risk intelligence

Microsoft Defender Denial of Service Vulnerability.

CVE advisoryKnown Exploit

CVE-2026-45498

A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in Microsoft Defender that could disrupt its security functions. While exploitation often requires local access, understanding this issue is important for confirming relevance and assessing potential exposure within your environment. The vulnerability affects the availability of

1Halo Surface Signal

Denial of Service

Microsoft Defender Antimalware Platform

before 4.18.26040.7

External exposure likelihood

Halo Surface Signal score for CVE-2026-45498

Microsoft Defender is an endpoint security agent running locally on a host system. Exploitation requires authenticated access to the target host to submit a crafted file to the local antivirus scanning service. As a client-side security product, it is not an internet-exposed service, gateway, or public-facing application, and its attack surface is inherently local and internal.

PCI scan relevance

PCI Relevance for CVE-2026-45498

No

CVE-2026-45498 — Halo PCI Relevance: No. Under typical PCI ASV criteria, this issue is not expected to affect external scan prioritization.

This denial-of-service vulnerability in Microsoft Defender can disable endpoint protection, increasing the risk of subsequent attacks. However, it does not directly impact data confidentiality or integrity, making it not relevant for PCI ASV scans.

Scan-prioritization guidance only—not a PCI DSS certification or ASV attestation.

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This vulnerability affects Microsoft Defender's ability to process certain files, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition. While this typically requires local access to a machine, its presence in a widely used security product warrants attention for potential indirect impacts or to confirm it does not apply to your environment.

  • Defender can be disrupted by malicious files.
  • Understand its presence in your security posture.
  • Confirm relevance and assess potential exposure.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could target Microsoft Defender by sending a specially crafted file to the product's scanning service. This could potentially lead to a denial-of-service condition, preventing the system from performing its intended security functions.

  • Requires authenticated access to the host.
  • Triggered by submitting a crafted file.
  • Risk of denial-of-service conditions.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability could impact the availability of Microsoft Defender. When supported by the advisory, an attacker could potentially cause the service to become unresponsive, affecting its ability to perform its intended security functions.

  • Affected asset: Microsoft Defender service availability.
  • Exposure: Crafted file submitted to local scanning.
  • Consequence: Service disruption.

Priority actions

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

The Microsoft Defender Antimalware Platform is likely managed by endpoint security or infrastructure teams. The first practical step is to identify all systems running the affected Defender versions, confirm their exposure, and determine business criticality before planning remediation, potentially coordinating with Microsoft for updates.

  • Endpoint security and infrastructure teams own.
  • Verify Defender version and reachability.
  • Plan remediation based on asset criticality.

Frequently asked questions

What is the CVE ID and description for the Microsoft Defender vulnerability?

The CVE ID for this vulnerability is CVE-2026-45498. It is described as a Denial of Service Vulnerability in Microsoft Defender.

What is the weakness class and technical details of CVE-2026-45498?

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400, which relates to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. The technical detail is that an attacker can submit a crafted file to the Defender scanning service, potentially causing a denial of service.

How is CVE-2026-45498 triggered, and what is the scope?

The vulnerability is triggered by submitting a specially crafted file to Microsoft Defender's local scanning service. This requires authenticated access to the target host, and the scope is local to the affected system.

What is the relevance of CVE-2026-45498, according to Halo Surface Signal?

Halo Surface Signal indicates that this vulnerability is very unlikely to be exploited externally because Microsoft Defender is an endpoint security agent running locally. Exploitation requires authenticated local access, and it is not an internet-exposed service.

What are the practical steps for responding to CVE-2026-45498?

Practical response involves identifying all systems running affected Defender versions, confirming their exposure, and assessing business criticality. Remediation planning should then be coordinated, potentially with Microsoft for updates.

References