External risk intelligence

Gitea Actions Artifacts HMAC Ambiguity Allows Unauthorized Access and Data Modification.

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.6)

CVE-2026-58426

Gitea is a web-based service typically deployed as an internet-facing or externally accessible application to facilitate collaborative software development, making its features, such as Actions and artifact management, commonly reachable in web-facing deployments.

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

This advisory concerns a critical vulnerability in Gitea Actions Artifacts that could allow unauthorized access to sensitive information or unauthorized modifications to application states. The vulnerability arises from an ambiguity in how signed URLs are handled, potentially impacting the integrity and confidentiality of artifacts shared between repositories. The main concern is confirming relevance and exposure within your Gitea deployments.

  • Ambiguity allows unauthorized reading and writing.
  • Critical access risk if Gitea is deployed externally.
  • Confirm Gitea deployment relevance and exposure.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker with limited access to a Gitea instance could potentially read artifacts from any repository and modify upload states in other tasks. This is possible due to a weakness in how signed URLs for Gitea Actions artifacts are processed, specifically an HMAC ambiguity. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to access sensitive information or disrupt ongoing operations.

  • Requires authenticated access to Gitea.
  • Exploits HMAC ambiguity in signed URLs.
  • Leads to cross-repository data access and modification.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

When supported by the advisory, this vulnerability could allow a low-privileged attacker to read artifacts from other repositories and potentially write to upload states of other tasks within Gitea Actions.

  • Cross-repository artifact data.
  • Authenticated user actions.
  • Unauthorized data access and modification.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

This vulnerability in Gitea Actions Artifacts affects repositories and tasks, indicating that platform or application teams managing Gitea instances are likely responsible. The immediate priority is to identify all Gitea deployments, determine their exposure, and confirm ownership to plan remediation.

  • Platform/Application teams own remediation.
  • Verify Gitea instance exposure and criticality.
  • Coordinate vendor update or planned upgrade.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is Gitea and why is it used?

Gitea is a self-hosted, web-based platform used by development teams to manage code repositories and automate software workflows. It includes features like Gitea Actions, which allow users to run automated tasks—such as building, testing, and deploying code—and manage the resulting artifacts that these processes create.

How does CWE-347 relate to CVE-2026-58426?

CWE-347 represents a failure to properly verify cryptographic signatures. In this CVE, the vulnerability stems from an HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) ambiguity. Because the system does not correctly validate the signature of signed URLs for actions artifacts, it fails to ensure the request is legitimate, allowing unauthorized access.

Can an unauthenticated user trigger this vulnerability?

No. The vulnerability requires the attacker to already have authenticated access to the Gitea instance. It is not triggered by public access alone; the attacker must possess valid credentials to interact with the Gitea Actions component to exploit the signed URL processing flaw.

Is my Gitea instance at risk?

Halo Surface Signal notes that Gitea is typically deployed as an internet-facing application to support collaboration, making its features, including Actions, commonly reachable. If your instance is accessible from the internet, the risk of unauthorized cross-repository artifact access or task modification is significantly higher.

What should I do to protect my Gitea deployment?

Identify all Gitea instances within your organization and confirm their current version and network exposure. Once identified, coordinate with your platform or application team to apply the vendor-provided security updates or plan an upgrade to a patched version, as this is the standard path to resolve the underlying signature verification flaw.

References