External risk intelligence

Chrome Service Worker Use After Free Vulnerability

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.6)

CVE-2026-78951

This vulnerability affects a client-side web browser. While it requires a user to navigate to a crafted HTML page, the browser itself is a local application rather than a public-facing service, API, or internet-accessible gateway. As a client-side component, it does not fit the criteria of an internet-facing service or appliance.

Use After Free

Google Chrome

before 152.0.7977.65

Halo Surface Signal: 1 out of 5 — much less likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A use-after-free vulnerability in Chrome's ServiceWorker could allow a remote attacker to execute code outside the browser's security sandbox by tricking a user into visiting a malicious webpage. While this vulnerability is rated as critical, its primary concern is confirming relevance and exposure due to its client-side nature.

  • Code could run outside the browser sandbox.
  • Affects user interaction with web content.
  • Confirm relevance to our user-facing systems.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker could lure a user to a malicious webpage, which would then trigger a use-after-free vulnerability within Chrome's ServiceWorker component. Successfully exploiting this flaw could enable the attacker to execute code on the user's system outside of the browser's security sandbox.

  • Remote attackers can trigger the vulnerability.
  • A specially crafted HTML page initiates the flaw.
  • Risk of arbitrary code execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

A use-after-free vulnerability in Chrome's ServiceWorker could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox when a user visits a malicious HTML page. This could potentially lead to unauthorized actions on the user's system.

  • Arbitrary code execution in user's browser.
  • User visits a malicious HTML page.
  • Compromised user session and system.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

In a real-world scenario, the platform or infrastructure team is likely responsible for managing Google Chrome updates on managed endpoints. The first practical move involves identifying all endpoints with vulnerable Chrome versions, assessing their business criticality, and coordinating with asset owners to plan remediation.

  • Platform/Infrastructure teams own the issue.
  • Verify Chrome version and network reachability.
  • Plan controlled update deployment.

Supplementary metadata

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

Frequently asked questions

What is Google Chrome and how is it used?

Google Chrome is a web browser used to access internet content and web applications. It includes components like ServiceWorkers, which run in the background to handle tasks such as push notifications and offline caching. These features allow web pages to maintain functionality even when they are not actively open, but they also increase the complexity of the browser's internal memory management.

What does a use-after-free vulnerability mean for CVE-2026-78951?

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-416: Use After Free. It occurs when a program continues to use a memory location after it has been cleared or freed. If the program does not properly reset its reference to that memory, an attacker can manipulate the data to cause the software to perform unintended, unauthorized actions, such as executing arbitrary code.

How does an attacker trigger this vulnerability?

An attacker triggers this flaw by luring a user to a specially crafted HTML page. When the browser processes this page, it interacts with the vulnerable ServiceWorker component in a way that leads to the memory error. Simply having Chrome installed or open does not trigger the bug; the user must actively navigate to the malicious content for the vulnerability to be engaged.

Is this vulnerability considered internet-facing?

According to Halo Surface Signal, this is considered a client-side issue rather than an internet-facing service or appliance. Because Chrome is a local application installed on individual devices, it lacks the characteristics of a public gateway or server. The risk is tied to the user's web browsing activity rather than the exposure of a backend network service.

What should I do if I am running an affected version of Chrome?

You should verify the version of Chrome installed on your managed endpoints. If your version is older than 152.0.7977.65, coordinate with your infrastructure or platform management team to schedule a standard update. Prioritize these updates based on system criticality to ensure that all endpoints are moved to a secured version as part of your normal maintenance workflow.

References