External risk intelligence

FTP-Flask-python Command Injection Vulnerability

CVE advisorySeverity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8)

CVE-2025-57633

The vulnerability resides in a web application endpoint (/ftp.html) that handles file uploads. As this is a web-based service designed for user interaction and file management, it is commonly deployed as an internet-facing or network-accessible application, making the vulnerable endpoint reachable to external or remote users.

Command Injection

Halo Surface Signal: 4 out of 5 — likely to be public-facing.

External exposure likelihood

Horizon Alert

Summary of the vulnerability and why it matters

A critical command injection vulnerability exists in an FTP application, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands. This occurs because a file upload action improperly handles user-supplied input, leading to the construction and execution of a vulnerable shell command. The main concern at this time is confirming the relevance and exposure of this specific application within the organization.

Attackers can run any OS command remotely.
Critical command execution allows widespread system compromise.
Confirm relevance and exposure within the organization.

Attack Path

How an attacker could exploit the issue

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the application's `/ftp.html` endpoint, specifically targeting the "Upload File" functionality. Because the application constructs a shell command using user-supplied data without proper checks, an unauthenticated remote attacker can inject arbitrary operating system commands, leading to the execution of malicious code on the server.

No authentication is required.
Upload file feature is triggered.
Arbitrary OS command execution.

Live Threat

Current exploitation, exposure, and threat context

This vulnerability could allow unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands by sending specially crafted input to the "Upload File" action. When supported by the advisory, this could affect the integrity and availability of the underlying operating system and any data it manages.

Arbitrary OS command execution.
Unsanitized user input to `os.system()`.
System compromise and data manipulation.

Operational Fix

Recommended remediation, mitigation, and detection steps

Application owners and infrastructure teams are likely responsible for addressing this command injection vulnerability in FTP-Flask-python, as it affects a web application endpoint. The first practical step involves identifying all instances of the affected technology, determining their exposure and business criticality, and then locating the accountable owner to plan remediation.

Identify affected application owners.
Verify network reachability and impact.
Plan remediation based on risk.

Supplementary metadata

CVSS vector

Validate whether this threat affects your internet-facing exposure.

Halo Threat Intelligence helps prioritize remediation with Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context. Start exposure validation with a free external attack surface trial.

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Frequently asked questions

What is FTP-Flask-python?

FTP-Flask-python is a web-based application built with the Flask framework designed to provide file transfer capabilities. It typically serves as a utility for managing files through a browser-based interface, specifically featuring an endpoint for users to upload files to a server.

What does CWE-77 mean for CVE-2025-57633?

CWE-77, or Command Injection, refers to a security weakness where an application improperly handles user input before passing it to a system shell. In this specific CVE, the application takes file-related data provided by a user and inserts it directly into a system command without cleaning or restricting it, allowing that command to be executed by the operating system.

How is this command injection vulnerability triggered?

An attacker triggers this by interacting with the "Upload File" action located at the /ftp.html endpoint. The vulnerability is activated when the application processes the ftp_file parameter during an upload. Legitimate or benign usage of other, non-upload features within the application that do not involve this specific parameter or the underlying system command construction will not trigger the flaw.

Why should I worry about CVE-2025-57633?

Halo Surface Signal labels this as likely relevant because the affected functionality resides on a web endpoint. Since web-based file management tools are often deployed to be reachable over a network or the internet to facilitate user access, there is a higher probability that an attacker could reach this endpoint remotely without needing any prior authentication.

What should I do if I run this software?

Your first step is to locate all deployments of FTP-Flask-python within your environment. Once identified, evaluate whether these instances are accessible to unauthorized users or exposed to the network. Coordinate with the relevant application owners to assess the business impact and prioritize a plan to remove or secure the affected component.

References

Written by Nicholas Merritt

Nicholas Merritt is VP of Security Solutions at Halo Security. With more than 25 years across application security, vulnerability prioritization, and offensive security, he helps teams translate threat data into practical exposure validation and remediation focus. He authors Halo Threat Intelligence CVE advisories using Halo Surface Signal and H/A/L/O context to prioritize internet-facing risk.